Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic skin pathologies in the world, and the problem of treatment is always urgent.According to statistics, for 2017, 130 ml of cases are recorded worldwide: every twenty-quarter of residents of the planet suffers from a disease.As a rule, the pathological beginnings fall from 16 to 20 and 40 to 60 years.In 65% of patients, it is observed in a soft form and the surface of the skin is slightly affected by the plates (up to 3%).The average degree of psoriasis suffers from 25% (up to 10% of the skin zone) and severe, in which more than 10% of the surface is affected - 8%.
The exact cause of the disease has not yet been studied.It is assumed that a parasitic infection, an allergic predisposition, a hormonal imbalance, metabolic disorders and heredity can cause the appearance of psoriac plates.
The tendency to develop psoriasis in childhood, if one of the parents is sick, is 25%.When both - the probability increases to 50%.According to statistics, out of 100 children around the world, 4 of them are psoriasis and disease cases in boys, less often than girls by 25%.
The list of unwanted factors also includes infectious diseases, neuropsychic injuries and the negative effect of low temperatures.
Due to the interaction of several external and internal causes, there is a violation of the blood circulation of the papillary layer of the dermis, from which the reproduction of young and insufficiently mature epidermal cells occurs so quickly that they, not having time to ripen, accumulate on the surface with a white silver scale in the form of plates or a banking form.
The disease progresses so much that over time, they merge and turn into large places.
Psoriasis lasts all life and self-feeding cases are single.The periods of remission alternate with exacerbation, which is more often observed in the fall-winter time.But there are indefinite (every season) and photosensitive (summer) type cases.
Steps
In the pathological process of psoriasis, several periods and the wave type course take place with the alternation of exacerbation and remission cycles.For a specialist, the diagnosis of the disease is not difficult: it has special and specific symptoms and a characteristic skin type at different stages of the development of pathology.
The initial step
At the beginning, when the disease begins to appear, rashes (papules) the size of a chest are only a pin head. In psoriasis, they are gathered on the skin of the turns of the limbs and do not progress at the beginning and do not change.These plates of guard (of service) if called.
Classic clinical manifestations at the initial stage form a triad of psoriasis:
- No wax.The papules are covered with white plate with a grayish hue of plate, loose and poorly fixed.It can easily be scratched by a spatula.The scales exfoliated on the outside resemble the smallest chips of startin substances to make candles.
- Terminal film.A smooth, shiny and juicy hyperemic surface is visible under a smooth raid.This is the last layer of cells that can leave.
- Bloody Dew is the final sign of the triad.It is formed when the terminal film is damaged and manifests itself outside in the form of condensate from small drops of blood, which do not merge together.
Psoriasis is a chronic disease and it is impossible to rely completely.The main task of treatment is to carry out a persistent and prolonged remission.According to inadequate treatment of exacerbation, every two to three months are observed.Treatment at the initial stage of psoriasis is soft, and it starts with the use of keratolytic external products in the form of ointments and creams based on salicylic and lactic acid.
Drugs remove discomfort, remove excessive cell formation, relieve inflammation and coat.Psoriasis over time becomes resistant (stable) to the action of certain drugs.Therefore, the medicinal program is examined after a certain period of time.This approach is called rotation - a periodic change in techniques that goes in a circle.
Gradual step
The second step of the disease is the real peak of exacerbation.
The first sign - the coat is only located in the central part of the papules, and a pink whip remains along the edges.It is a growth symptom, when simple rashes increase and merge.The second sign of progression becomes a symptom of the skin reaction: 10-14 days after the injury (abrasions, scratches) of the skin, a new typical plate appears.Progressive psoriasis gives another symptom that is not observed at other stages - it itches with different intensity.The treatment of the progressive stadium of psoriasis is carried out in a hospital and includes:
- Medication drugs: antihistamines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunostimulants, vitamins.
- Physiotherapy: PUVA, UFO, application with paraffin, sulfide and radon baths.
After patients, treatment under the sanatorium is recommended.In particularly serious cases, corticosteroid and cytostatic agents are prescribed.Psoriasis affects nail plates.They become fragile, dull, rise above the bed.As a rule, this condition suffering from a disease even occurs from minor damage.
Stationary step
After the progression, at the end of the fourth week, the papules healing occurs.It starts from the center to the periphery and the plates acquire a characteristic ring shape.Their color becomes less intense, the new training courses do not appear.The stationary stage of psoriasis does not give special discomfort.The patient is not painful, there are no itching.The therapeutic program remains the same.There can only be minor adjustments that pursue an objective: to give the possibility of entering the final phase and not to transform into a progressive stage of psoriasis.
Discoloration stage
After complex and intensive care, remission occurs and the disease is included in the hidden phase.At the final stadium, the peeled psoriasis disappears, the plates acquire a pale shade.They resolve and gradually merge with the skin.An exception - the "frozen" dads remain on the elbows, the knees, the stomach and the buttocks.The period of remission is individual and can last from three months to several years.A patient with psoriasis should be monitored and during the first signs of exacerbation to see a doctor and undergo a processing course.Despite chronic disease subject to relapses, subject to all recommendations, psoriasis allows you to live an ordinary and rich life.